Business models of public private partnerships in publicly-financed emergency response services

Introduction The last six years of India’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has witnessed the emergence of a wide variety of public funded, privately managed ambulance services across the states. Today there are over 3850 government financed emergency response ambulances and another 3000 are just about to start up, whereas just five years ago there were almost none. States have chosen different models for emergency response systems with varying levels of investments and effectiveness.